Di Benedetto, Francesco Paolo
Disegno di macchine / Università di Palermo / Viale delle Scienze 90128 Palermo, Italia
39 091 652 2743 / effedibi@unipa.it
Malleo, Maria Antonietta
Disegno di macchine/ Università di Palermo / Viale delle Scienze 90128 Palermo, Italia
39 091 30 24 84 / antoeile@eticare.it
ABSTRACT
Aim of the ergonomic approach to museum field is to improve the enjoyment of artistic works in conformity with a double request, from the exhibited work and the human factor. A correct relationship between ergonomics and museography can emphasize artworks and strenghten all the phisical, perceptive and environing conditions to get to the visitors the best level of aesthetic and cultural satisfaction in terms of understanding, clarity, visibility, comfort. This work issued from the analysis of several world museums and art exhibitions, which often show conceptual and organizing inadequacies in spatial design, utilities, comfort, coherence of exhibition's itineraries, communication, etc.., advancing a frame of arrangement and collections managment conditions, which should eliminate or reduce these lacks. It points out questions of layout, dimensions, distances, locations and solutions of fittings, chromatic envinroment, microclimate, security and protection, according to the most correct museographic requests. Special attention is dedicated to principles of lighting, basic for proper conditions of visual perception and conservation of the works of art. Besides the improvement of art museum enjoyment must consider the visitors comfort, which is often not effected, and the ergonomic learning and communication processes to be carried out through criteria of organization, museum didactic, routes according to the physiologic, psychologic and mental features of a more wider range of visitors.
Keywords
Criteria for exhibition design, ergonomics and museography, arrangment and position, lighting, ordering, communication, new technologies, visitors comfort, analysis of use of maps and brochure.
SCENERY AND ISSUES
As first part of a research on ergonomics for art museums this study it's specially dedicated to the qualification of exhibition envinroments. Ergonomic design of museum, place of the aesthetic interaction between the visitor and the work of art, must be oriented to the empowerment of visitors enjoyment, considering a double need, human factor and value and characters of works of art, according with the museographical principles.
The new social role that this cultural institution achieved in the second half of Twentieth century after a long transformation process from a place of conservation and study for specialists to a place of high frequentation, often mass frequentation, has changed his structure, configuring more sectors and the simultaneous coexistence of different functions, where each must not invalidate others: managment spaces ( administration offices, services for the staff, control and security systems); exhibition spaces ( halls, envinroment for temporary
exhibitions); research spaces ( library, archives, interactive room); conservation and restoration spaces (storage, museum of
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